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Robot Setup

Bring up the robot and position it at the edge of a table, facing the table. When manipulating objects on tables, the workspace of the arms is generally increased by raising the robot torso all the way up.

Place an object on the table, within reach of the robot, and point the head of the robot so that the narrow_stereo point cloud contains part of the table as well as the object. Also make sure that the arms of the robot are off to the side, so that they do not obstruct the robot's view of the table.

When you are done, the view of the robot and the narrow_stereo point cloud in rviz could look like this:

tutorial1.png

The point cloud from the narrow_stereo should look like this:

tutorial2.png

For a list of useful rviz markers to be monitored while running the manipulation pipeline see the Troubleshooting page.

Starting the Package

We will create a new package for our application, called pr2_pick_and_place_tutorial. This tutorial depends on four other packages, listed in the package creation command. 

roscreate-pkg pr2_pick_and_place_tutorial actionlib object_manipulation_msgs tabletop_object_detector tabletop_collision_map_processing

Writing the Code

We will be adding all the code below in a single source file, in the main function. First we will add the necessary #include directives and a stub for the main function. 

   1 #include <ros/ros.h>
   2 
   3 #include <actionlib/client/simple_action_client.h>
   4 #include <tabletop_object_detector/TabletopDetection.h>
   5 #include <tabletop_collision_map_processing/TabletopCollisionMapProcessing.h>
   6 #include <object_manipulation_msgs/PickupAction.h>
   7 #include <object_manipulation_msgs/PlaceAction.h>
   8 
   9 int main(int argc, char **argv)
  10 {
  11 }

All the code snippets below then get added, in order, to the main function. At the end of this tutorial you will find a complete snapshot of the source file with all the functionality added in.

Initialization of ROS Service and Action Clients

We will first initialize our ROS node and create the service and action clients we need. We need four clients:

We initialize all these clients like this: 

   1   //initialize the ROS node
   2   ros::init(argc, argv, "pick_and_place_app");
   3   ros::NodeHandle nh;
   4 
   5   //set service and action names
   6   const std::string OBJECT_DETECTION_SERVICE_NAME = 
   7     "/object_detection";
   8   const std::string COLLISION_PROCESSING_SERVICE_NAME = 
   9     "/tabletop_collision_map_processing/tabletop_collision_map_processing";
  10   const std::string PICKUP_ACTION_NAME = 
  11     "/object_manipulator/object_manipulator_pickup";
  12   const std::string PLACE_ACTION_NAME = 
  13     "/object_manipulator/object_manipulator_place";
  14 
  15   //create service and action clients
  16   ros::ServiceClient object_detection_srv;
  17   ros::ServiceClient collision_processing_srv;
  18   actionlib::SimpleActionClient<object_manipulation_msgs::PickupAction> 
  19     pickup_client(PICKUP_ACTION_NAME, true);
  20   actionlib::SimpleActionClient<object_manipulation_msgs::PlaceAction> 
  21     place_client(PLACE_ACTION_NAME, true);
  22 
  23   //wait for detection client
  24   while ( !ros::service::waitForService(OBJECT_DETECTION_SERVICE_NAME, 
  25                                         ros::Duration(2.0)) && nh.ok() ) 
  26   {
  27     ROS_INFO("Waiting for object detection service to come up");
  28   }
  29   if (!nh.ok()) exit(0);
  30   object_detection_srv = 
  31     nh.serviceClient<tabletop_object_detector::TabletopDetection>
  32     (OBJECT_DETECTION_SERVICE_NAME, true);
  33 
  34   //wait for collision map processing client
  35   while ( !ros::service::waitForService(COLLISION_PROCESSING_SERVICE_NAME, 
  36                                         ros::Duration(2.0)) && nh.ok() ) 
  37   {
  38     ROS_INFO("Waiting for collision processing service to come up");
  39   }
  40   if (!nh.ok()) exit(0);
  41   collision_processing_srv = 
  42     nh.serviceClient
  43     <tabletop_collision_map_processing::TabletopCollisionMapProcessing>
  44     (COLLISION_PROCESSING_SERVICE_NAME, true);
  45 
  46   //wait for pickup client
  47   while(!pickup_client.waitForServer(ros::Duration(2.0)) && nh.ok())
  48   {
  49     ROS_INFO_STREAM("Waiting for action client " << PICKUP_ACTION_NAME);
  50   }
  51   if (!nh.ok()) exit(0);  
  52 
  53   //wait for place client
  54   while(!place_client.waitForServer(ros::Duration(2.0)) && nh.ok())
  55   {
  56     ROS_INFO_STREAM("Waiting for action client " << PLACE_ACTION_NAME);
  57   }
  58   if (!nh.ok()) exit(0);

Object Detection

We will now call the tabletop_object_detector, using the TabletopDetection service: 

   1   //call the tabletop detection
   2   ROS_INFO("Calling tabletop detector");
   3   tabletop_object_detector::TabletopDetection detection_call;
   4   //we want recognized database objects returned
   5   //set this to false if you are using the pipeline without the database
   6   detection_call.request.return_clusters = true;
   7   //we want the individual object point clouds returned as well
   8   detection_call.request.return_models = true;
   9   if (!object_detection_srv.call(detection_call))
  10   {
  11     ROS_ERROR("Tabletop detection service failed");
  12     return -1;
  13   }
  14   if (detection_call.response.detection.result != 
  15       detection_call.response.detection.SUCCESS)
  16   {
  17     ROS_ERROR("Tabletop detection returned error code %d", 
  18               detection_call.response.detection.result);
  19     return -1;
  20   }
  21   if (detection_call.response.detection.clusters.empty() && 
  22       detection_call.response.detection.models.empty() )
  23   {
  24     ROS_ERROR("The tabletop detector detected the table, "
  25               "but found no objects");
  26     return -1;
  27   }

Note that we are asking for both recognized database objects and individual object point clouds for both known and unknown objects to be returned. If you have started the manipulation pipeline without using the database, simply set detection_call.request.return_models = false; in this service call. Objects will still be returned as unrecognized point clouds.

Collision Map Processing

Once we have the detection results, we will send them to the tabletop_collision_map_processing node. Here they will be added to the collision environment, and receive collision names that we can use to refer to them later. Note that the collision map processing service takes as part of the input the result of the detection service we just called. 

   1   //call collision map processing
   2   ROS_INFO("Calling collision map processing");
   3   tabletop_collision_map_processing::TabletopCollisionMapProcessing 
   4     processing_call;
   5   //pass the result of the tabletop detection 
   6   processing_call.request.detection_result = 
   7     detection_call.response.detection;
   8   //ask for the exising map and collision models to be reset
   9   processing_call.request.reset_static_map = true;
  10   processing_call.request.reset_collision_models = true;
  11   processing_call.request.reset_attached_models = true;
  12   //ask for a new static collision map to be taken with the laser
  13   //after the new models are added to the environment
  14   processing_call.request.take_static_collision_map = true;
  15   //ask for the results to be returned in base link frame
  16   processing_call.request.desired_frame = "base_link";
  17   if (!collision_processing_srv.call(processing_call))
  18   {
  19     ROS_ERROR("Collision map processing service failed");
  20     return -1;
  21   }
  22   //the collision map processor returns instances of graspable objects
  23   if (processing_call.response.graspable_objects.empty())
  24   {
  25     ROS_ERROR("Collision map processing returned no graspable objects");
  26     return -1;
  27   }

Note that we request any previous information about objects in the collision environment be reset before the new objects are added. We also ask for a new static collision map to be acquired with the tilting laser after our new objects are added to the environment. This will ensure both that our target objects are in the collision environment and that any other obstacles are captured by the collision map.

The TabletopCollisionMapProcessing service will return a list of GraspableObjects, which can be directly sent to a pickup action request, as shown below.

After the collision processing call goes through, you can inspect its result in rviz. Enable Markers on the following topics:

Here is an example of what your rviz image could look like, with the tabletop detection results shown in green and the collision map show in blue. Additional details and examples can be found in the tabletop_collision_map_processing package.

tutorial3.png

Object Pickup

We will now request a pickup of the first object in the list of GraspableObjects returned by the collision map processing service: 

   1   //call object pickup
   2   ROS_INFO("Calling the pickup action");
   3   object_manipulation_msgs::PickupGoal pickup_goal;
   4   //pass one of the graspable objects returned 
   5   //by the collision map processor
   6   pickup_goal.target = processing_call.response.graspable_objects.at(0);
   7   //pass the name that the object has in the collision environment
   8   //this name was also returned by the collision map processor
   9   pickup_goal.collision_object_name = 
  10     processing_call.response.collision_object_names.at(0);
  11   //pass the collision name of the table, also returned by the collision 
  12   //map processor
  13   pickup_goal.collision_support_surface_name = 
  14     processing_call.response.collision_support_surface_name;
  15   //pick up the object with the right arm
  16   pickup_goal.arm_name = "right_arm";
  17   //specify the desired distance between pre-grasp and final grasp
  18   pickup_goal.desired_approach_distance = 0.1;
  19   pickup_goal.min_approach_distance = 0.05;
  20   //we will be lifting the object along the "vertical" direction
  21   //which is along the z axis in the base_link frame
  22   geometry_msgs::Vector3Stamped direction;
  23   direction.header.stamp = ros::Time::now();
  24   direction.header.frame_id = "base_link";
  25   direction.vector.x = 0;
  26   direction.vector.y = 0;
  27   direction.vector.z = 1;
  28   pickup_goal.lift.direction = direction;
  29   //request a vertical lift of 10cm after grasping the object
  30   pickup_goal.lift.desired_distance = 0.1;
  31   pickup_goal.lift.min_distance = 0.05;
  32   //do not use tactile-based grasping or tactile-based lift
  33   pickup_goal.use_reactive_lift = false;
  34   pickup_goal.use_reactive_execution = false;
  35   //send the goal
  36   pickup_client.sendGoal(pickup_goal);
  37   while (!pickup_client.waitForResult(ros::Duration(10.0)))
  38   {
  39     ROS_INFO("Waiting for the pickup action...");
  40   }
  41   object_manipulation_msgs::PickupResult pickup_result = 
  42     *(pickup_client.getResult());
  43   if (pickup_client.getState() != actionlib::SimpleClientGoalState::SUCCEEDED)
  44   {
  45     ROS_ERROR("The pickup action has failed with result code %d", 
  46               pickup_result.manipulation_result.value);
  47     return -1;
  48   }

Note the following:

Object Location

Before placing the object, we must decide where we want the object placed. We will create a place location by shifting the pickup location by 10cm. However, it is important to understand the convention about the location of a doc/api/object_manipulation_msgs/html/msg/GraspableObject.html|GraspableObject]] in the world. This is particularly important since this is the pose that grasps for this object are relative to:

Here is how we shift the pickup location by 10cm to obtain our place location: 

   1   //remember where we picked the object up from
   2   geometry_msgs::PoseStamped pickup_location;
   3   if (processing_call.response.graspable_objects.at(0).type == 
   4       object_manipulation_msgs::GraspableObject::DATABASE_MODEL)
   5   {
   6     //for database recognized objects, the location of the object 
   7     //is encapsulated in GraspableObject the message
   8     pickup_location = 
   9       processing_call.response.graspable_objects.at(0).model_pose.pose;
  10   }
  11   else
  12   {
  13     //for unrecognized point clouds, the location of the object 
  14     //is considered to be the origin of the frame that the 
  15     //cluster is in
  16     pickup_location.header = 
  17       processing_call.response.graspable_objects.at(0).cluster.header;
  18     //identity pose
  19     pickup_location.pose.orientation.w = 1;
  20   }  
  21   //create a place location, offset by 10 cm from the pickup location
  22   geometry_msgs::PoseStamped place_location = pickup_location;
  23   place_location.header.stamp = ros::Time::now();
  24   place_location.pose.position.x += 0.1;

Object Place

Now that we have our desired place location, let's send it to the Place action: 

   1   //put the object down
   2   ROS_INFO("Calling the place action");
   3   object_manipulation_msgs::PlaceGoal place_goal;
   4   //place at the prepared location
   5   place_goal.place_pose = place_location;
   6   //the collision names of both the objects and the table
   7   //same as in the pickup action
   8   place_goal.collision_object_name = 
   9     processing_call.response.collision_object_names.at(0); 
  10   place_goal.collision_support_surface_name = 
  11     processing_call.response.collision_support_surface_name;
  12   //information about which grasp was executed on the object, 
  13   //returned by the pickup action
  14   place_goal.grasp = pickup_result.grasp;
  15   //use the right rm to place
  16   place_goal.arm_name = "right_arm";
  17   //padding used when determining if the requested place location
  18   //would bring the object in collision with the environment
  19   place_goal.place_padding = 0.02;
  20   //how much the gripper should retreat after placing the object
  21   place_goal.desired_retreat_distance = 0.1;
  22   place_goal.min_retreat_distance = 0.05;
  23   //we will be putting down the object along the "vertical" direction
  24   //which is along the z axis in the base_link frame
  25   direction.header.stamp = ros::Time::now();
  26   direction.header.frame_id = "base_link";
  27   direction.vector.x = 0;
  28   direction.vector.y = 0;
  29   direction.vector.z = -1;
  30   place_goal.approach.direction = direction;
  31   //request a vertical put down motion of 10cm before placing the object 
  32   place_goal.approach.desired_distance = 0.1;
  33   place_goal.approach.min_distance = 0.05;
  34   //we are not using tactile based placing
  35   place_goal.use_reactive_place = false;
  36   //send the goal
  37   place_client.sendGoal(place_goal);
  38   while (!place_client.waitForResult(ros::Duration(10.0)))
  39   {
  40     ROS_INFO("Waiting for the place action...");
  41   }
  42   object_manipulation_msgs::PlaceResult place_result = 
  43     *(place_client.getResult());
  44   if (place_client.getState() != 
  45       actionlib::SimpleClientGoalState::SUCCEEDED)
  46   {
  47     ROS_ERROR("Place failed with error code %d", 
  48               place_result.manipulation_result.value);
  49     return -1;
  50   }

Note the following:

Putting It All Together

After assembling the code above into your main function, you should end up with something resembling the complete file included below. Add the appropriate entry in your CMakeLists.txt to build this source file into an executable, then:

The robot should pick up the object, move it by 10cm, then place it back down.

Troubleshooting

You can find a list of useful rviz markers for monitoring pick and place operations on the troubleshooting page.

Next Steps

From here, you should be able to integrate pick and place functionality into your desired application. You can find more details in the individual documentation pages of the manipulation pipeline stacks:

Additional examples in both C++ and Python can be found in the pr2_pick_and_place_demos package.

The complete source code

Here is the complete source code for this tutorial. 

   1 #include <ros/ros.h>
   2 
   3 #include <actionlib/client/simple_action_client.h>
   4 #include <tabletop_object_detector/TabletopDetection.h>
   5 #include <tabletop_collision_map_processing/TabletopCollisionMapProcessing.h>
   6 #include <object_manipulation_msgs/PickupAction.h>
   7 #include <object_manipulation_msgs/PlaceAction.h>
   8 
   9 int main(int argc, char **argv)
  10 {
  11   //initialize the ROS node
  12   ros::init(argc, argv, "pick_and_place_app");
  13   ros::NodeHandle nh;
  14 
  15   //set service and action names
  16   const std::string OBJECT_DETECTION_SERVICE_NAME = "/object_detection";
  17   const std::string COLLISION_PROCESSING_SERVICE_NAME = 
  18     "/tabletop_collision_map_processing/tabletop_collision_map_processing";
  19   const std::string PICKUP_ACTION_NAME = 
  20     "/object_manipulator/object_manipulator_pickup";
  21   const std::string PLACE_ACTION_NAME = 
  22     "/object_manipulator/object_manipulator_place";
  23 
  24   //create service and action clients
  25   ros::ServiceClient object_detection_srv;
  26   ros::ServiceClient collision_processing_srv;
  27   actionlib::SimpleActionClient<object_manipulation_msgs::PickupAction> 
  28     pickup_client(PICKUP_ACTION_NAME, true);
  29   actionlib::SimpleActionClient<object_manipulation_msgs::PlaceAction> 
  30     place_client(PLACE_ACTION_NAME, true);
  31 
  32   //wait for detection client
  33   while ( !ros::service::waitForService(OBJECT_DETECTION_SERVICE_NAME, 
  34                                         ros::Duration(2.0)) && nh.ok() ) 
  35   {
  36     ROS_INFO("Waiting for object detection service to come up");
  37   }
  38   if (!nh.ok()) exit(0);
  39   object_detection_srv = 
  40     nh.serviceClient<tabletop_object_detector::TabletopDetection>
  41     (OBJECT_DETECTION_SERVICE_NAME, true);
  42 
  43   //wait for collision map processing client
  44   while ( !ros::service::waitForService(COLLISION_PROCESSING_SERVICE_NAME, 
  45                                         ros::Duration(2.0)) && nh.ok() ) 
  46   {
  47     ROS_INFO("Waiting for collision processing service to come up");
  48   }
  49   if (!nh.ok()) exit(0);
  50   collision_processing_srv = 
  51     nh.serviceClient
  52     <tabletop_collision_map_processing::TabletopCollisionMapProcessing>
  53     (COLLISION_PROCESSING_SERVICE_NAME, true);
  54 
  55   //wait for pickup client
  56   while(!pickup_client.waitForServer(ros::Duration(2.0)) && nh.ok())
  57   {
  58     ROS_INFO_STREAM("Waiting for action client " << PICKUP_ACTION_NAME);
  59   }
  60   if (!nh.ok()) exit(0);  
  61 
  62   //wait for place client
  63   while(!place_client.waitForServer(ros::Duration(2.0)) && nh.ok())
  64   {
  65     ROS_INFO_STREAM("Waiting for action client " << PLACE_ACTION_NAME);
  66   }
  67   if (!nh.ok()) exit(0);    
  68 
  69 
  70   
  71   //call the tabletop detection
  72   ROS_INFO("Calling tabletop detector");
  73   tabletop_object_detector::TabletopDetection detection_call;
  74   //we want recognized database objects returned
  75   //set this to false if you are using the pipeline without the database
  76   detection_call.request.return_clusters = true;
  77   //we want the individual object point clouds returned as well
  78   detection_call.request.return_models = true;
  79   if (!object_detection_srv.call(detection_call))
  80   {
  81     ROS_ERROR("Tabletop detection service failed");
  82     return -1;
  83   }
  84   if (detection_call.response.detection.result != 
  85       detection_call.response.detection.SUCCESS)
  86   {
  87     ROS_ERROR("Tabletop detection returned error code %d", 
  88               detection_call.response.detection.result);
  89     return -1;
  90   }
  91   if (detection_call.response.detection.clusters.empty() && 
  92       detection_call.response.detection.models.empty() )
  93   {
  94     ROS_ERROR("The tabletop detector detected the table, but found no objects");
  95     return -1;
  96   }
  97 
  98 
  99 
 100   //call collision map processing
 101   ROS_INFO("Calling collision map processing");
 102   tabletop_collision_map_processing::TabletopCollisionMapProcessing 
 103     processing_call;
 104   //pass the result of the tabletop detection 
 105   processing_call.request.detection_result = detection_call.response.detection;
 106   //ask for the exising map and collision models to be reset
 107   processing_call.request.reset_static_map = true;
 108   processing_call.request.reset_collision_models = true;
 109   processing_call.request.reset_attached_models = true;
 110   //ask for a new static collision map to be taken with the laser
 111   //after the new models are added to the environment
 112   processing_call.request.take_static_collision_map = true;
 113   //ask for the results to be returned in base link frame
 114   processing_call.request.desired_frame = "base_link";
 115   if (!collision_processing_srv.call(processing_call))
 116   {
 117     ROS_ERROR("Collision map processing service failed");
 118     return -1;
 119   }
 120   //the collision map processor returns instances of graspable objects
 121   if (processing_call.response.graspable_objects.empty())
 122   {
 123     ROS_ERROR("Collision map processing returned no graspable objects");
 124     return -1;
 125   }
 126 
 127 
 128   //call object pickup
 129   ROS_INFO("Calling the pickup action");
 130   object_manipulation_msgs::PickupGoal pickup_goal;
 131   //pass one of the graspable objects returned by the collission map processor
 132   pickup_goal.target = processing_call.response.graspable_objects.at(0);
 133   //pass the name that the object has in the collision environment
 134   //this name was also returned by the collision map processor
 135   pickup_goal.collision_object_name = 
 136     processing_call.response.collision_object_names.at(0);
 137   //pass the collision name of the table, also returned by the collision 
 138   //map processor
 139   pickup_goal.collision_support_surface_name = 
 140     processing_call.response.collision_support_surface_name;
 141   //pick up the object with the right arm
 142   pickup_goal.arm_name = "right_arm";
 143   //specify the desired distance between pre-grasp and final grasp
 144   pickup_goal.desired_approach_distance = 0.1;
 145   pickup_goal.min_approach_distance = 0.05;
 146   //we will be lifting the object along the "vertical" direction
 147   //which is along the z axis in the base_link frame
 148   geometry_msgs::Vector3Stamped direction;
 149   direction.header.stamp = ros::Time::now();
 150   direction.header.frame_id = "base_link";
 151   direction.vector.x = 0;
 152   direction.vector.y = 0;
 153   direction.vector.z = 1;
 154   pickup_goal.lift.direction = direction;
 155   //request a vertical lift of 10cm after grasping the object
 156   pickup_goal.lift.desired_distance = 0.1;
 157   pickup_goal.lift.min_distance = 0.05;
 158   //do not use tactile-based grasping or tactile-based lift
 159   pickup_goal.use_reactive_lift = false;
 160   pickup_goal.use_reactive_execution = false;
 161   //send the goal
 162   pickup_client.sendGoal(pickup_goal);
 163   while (!pickup_client.waitForResult(ros::Duration(10.0)))
 164   {
 165     ROS_INFO("Waiting for the pickup action...");
 166   }
 167   object_manipulation_msgs::PickupResult pickup_result = 
 168     *(pickup_client.getResult());
 169   if (pickup_client.getState() != actionlib::SimpleClientGoalState::SUCCEEDED)
 170   {
 171     ROS_ERROR("The pickup action has failed with result code %d", 
 172               pickup_result.manipulation_result.value);
 173     return -1;
 174   }
 175 
 176 
 177   
 178   //remember where we picked the object up from
 179   geometry_msgs::PoseStamped pickup_location;
 180   if (processing_call.response.graspable_objects.at(0).type == 
 181       object_manipulation_msgs::GraspableObject::DATABASE_MODEL)
 182   {
 183     //for database recognized objects, the location of the object 
 184     //is encapsulated in GraspableObject the message
 185     pickup_location = 
 186       processing_call.response.graspable_objects.at(0).model_pose.pose;
 187   }
 188   else
 189   {
 190     //for unrecognized point clouds, the location of the object is considered 
 191     //to be the origin of the frame that the cluster is in
 192     pickup_location.header = 
 193       processing_call.response.graspable_objects.at(0).cluster.header;
 194     //identity pose
 195     pickup_location.pose.orientation.w = 1;
 196   }  
 197   //create a place location, offset by 10 cm from the pickup location
 198   geometry_msgs::PoseStamped place_location = pickup_location;
 199   place_location.header.stamp = ros::Time::now();
 200   place_location.pose.position.x += 0.1;
 201 
 202 
 203 
 204   //put the object down
 205   ROS_INFO("Calling the place action");
 206   object_manipulation_msgs::PlaceGoal place_goal;
 207   //place at the prepared location
 208   place_goal.place_pose = place_location;
 209   //the collision names of both the objects and the table
 210   //same as in the pickup action
 211   place_goal.collision_object_name = 
 212     processing_call.response.collision_object_names.at(0); 
 213   place_goal.collision_support_surface_name = 
 214     processing_call.response.collision_support_surface_name;
 215   //information about which grasp was executed on the object, returned by
 216   //the pickup action
 217   place_goal.grasp = pickup_result.grasp;
 218   //use the right rm to place
 219   place_goal.arm_name = "right_arm";
 220   //padding used when determining if the requested place location
 221   //would bring the object in collision with the environment
 222   place_goal.place_padding = 0.02;
 223   //how much the gripper should retreat after placing the object
 224   place_goal.desired_retreat_distance = 0.1;
 225   place_goal.min_retreat_distance = 0.05;
 226   //we will be putting down the object along the "vertical" direction
 227   //which is along the z axis in the base_link frame
 228   direction.header.stamp = ros::Time::now();
 229   direction.header.frame_id = "base_link";
 230   direction.vector.x = 0;
 231   direction.vector.y = 0;
 232   direction.vector.z = -1;
 233   place_goal.approach.direction = direction;
 234   //request a vertical put down motion of 10cm before placing the object 
 235   place_goal.approach.desired_distance = 0.1;
 236   place_goal.approach.min_distance = 0.05;
 237   //we are not using tactile based placing
 238   place_goal.use_reactive_place = false;
 239   //send the goal
 240   place_client.sendGoal(place_goal);
 241   while (!place_client.waitForResult(ros::Duration(10.0)))
 242   {
 243     ROS_INFO("Waiting for the place action...");
 244   }
 245   object_manipulation_msgs::PlaceResult place_result = 
 246     *(place_client.getResult());
 247   if (place_client.getState() != actionlib::SimpleClientGoalState::SUCCEEDED)
 248   {
 249     ROS_ERROR("Place failed with error code %d", 
 250               place_result.manipulation_result.value);
 251     return -1;
 252   }
 253 
 254   //success!
 255   ROS_INFO("Success! Object moved.");
 256   return 0;
 257 }
2023-10-28 12:55